Sound

Speed of sound:The speed of sound is 340.29 m/s at sea level, but at higher altitude this speed differs.
When a plane flys above you at high speeds and lower altitudes, the direction of the sound doesn't seem to be coming from the plane, because the height difference means that the time it takes for the sound to hit the ground, the object (or in this case plane) can be in a totally different space than were the sound is coming from.

Vibration: An oscillation of a liquid or solid which is pliant and flexible enough for such motions to be dispersed throughout it or a electromagnetic wave.
A good example of sound vibration is when you are listening to music and you turn it up really loud, your computer (or whatever object you are listening to), starts to vibrate, and can often vibrate other things around it.

Pitch: The quality of a sound produced and controlled by the rate of vibrations subjected to it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.
An opera singer is a good example of pitch, as when they reach the high point of the song, they start to sing at a higher point, but at sad times in the song etc. the pitch is a lot lower. This is a good way of manipulating pitch for the pleasure of other humans.

Echoes: A repetition of a sound after the original sound wave is reflected back to the angle of the object it hit.
When you yell into an large empty space, you will most likely hear the sound again, and possibly multiple times in a short amount of time. This is because the sound keeps reverberating against the wall, meaning that the sound will keep returning to you until it has lost its energy.

Doppler Effect: The difference in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by a listener moving relative to the sound or vise versa.
When you see a ambulance behind with its siren on it appears to be quite loud, but when it passes you, the sound quietness a lot faster than the speed it rose. This is even more noticeable when you drive past an ambulance with its sirens on in the opposite direction.

Resonance: The tendency of an oscillation to vibrate at different and larger amplitudes at frequencies. These are known as resonant frequencies.
If you take two guitars both tuned the same and place them side by side, when you pluck the A string on one guitar you will ser the A string on the other guitar start to vibrate as well.